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IBS 


CORRESPONDENCE  CLASSES. 

I he  Education  Committee  have  arranged  for  Correspondence  Classes  to  beheld  annually,  from  about  October 
to  March,  in  all  sections  of  the  Examination  Syllabus  of  the  Library  Association,  by  experienced  Conductors.  They 
are  confined  to  students  living  outside  the  London  District. 

Section  I. — Literary  History.  Miss  Dormer  Harris. 

II. — Practical  Bibliography.  Mr.  James  Hutt,  M.A. 

III. —  Classification.  Mr.  Henry  A.  Sharp. 

IV.  — Cataloguing.  Miss  Ethel  Gerard. 

V. — Library  Organisation.  Mr.  B.  M.  Headicar. 

VI, — Library  Routine.  Mr.  Walter  S.  C.  Rae. 

Each  course  will  comprise  twelve  fortnightly  lessons,  consisting  of  a prescribed  selection  of  technical  reading, 
.hints  and  advice  on  study  and  practical  work,  and  questions  or  subjects  for  essays,  upon  which  the  Conductor  will 
write  comments  and  corrections. 

The  fee  for  each  course  will  be  15s.  (18s.  for  students  abroad),  payable  in  advance. 

Persons  wishing  to  enter  for  any  course  must  apply  before  the  end  of  September  to  the  Hon.  Secretary 
Education  Committee,  Caxton  Hall,  Westminster,  S.W.,  who  will  forward  the  Syllabus  of  Information.  The  initial 
instruction  as  to  reading  and  the  method  of  correspondence  will  then  be  sent  out  by  the  Conductor  of  the  Class 
{(selected.  Students  cannot  be  admitted  after  the  first  lessons  have  been  sent  out. 

INSTRUCTIONS  TO  STUDENTS. 

c u KtUdefntTS  are . requested  to  acquinint  themselves  with  the  information  issued  by  the  Library  Association  with  the 
Syllabus  of  Examinations,  which  gives  details  of  the  subjects  dealt  with,  and  list  of  the  text-books  recommended. 

The  course  will  consist  of  exercises  covering  the  whole  section,  and  a trial  examination-paper,  which  students  will 
be  expected  to  attempt  without  the  aid  of  text-books. 

,,  5Teful  attention  must  be  paid  to  the  official  instructions,  and  on  no  account  are  exercises  to  be  posted  later  than 
pthe  date  given  on  each  paper.  V 

| Students  may  at  any  time  ask  questions  omobscure  points  arising  out  of  the  lessons, ,5nd  they  will  be  answered 
in  the  next  letter  sent  out. 

i 

, "Vi  answ«-s  to  questions  and  exercises  should  be  clearly  written  on  paper  of  foolscap  size,  and  tl^e  student’s  name 
md  address  should  be  written  at  the  top  of  each  sheet,  along  with  the  number  of  the  paper.,- 

,llK- wjU  b®  exP<Ted  to  provide  themselves  with  the  text-books  recommended  by  tfte  Conductor  in  each 
mbject.  It  is  also  advisable  that  constant  use  should  be  made  of  the  books  of  reference  mentioned  in  the  syllabus. 

k JmCe  th®  whoJe  success  of  these  Correspondence  Classes,  preparatory  to  the 'Examination  held  by  the  Library 
honpH  rh T’  depe"d®  uP°n  the  attention  of  the  students  and  their  diligence  in  reading  and  note-taking,  it  is  to  be 
h ped  that  every  student  will  persevere  all  through  the  course,  and  read  with  care  the  vafibus  text-books  recommended 
: ve  all,  answers  to  questions  should  be  pithy  and  concise  ; the  time  allowed  at  an  examination  never  seems  long 

enough,  simply  because  students  are  not  accustomed  to  putting  answers  in  the  briefest  form. 

Ulid  thoroughly  understand  that  the  Teachers  conducting  the  Correspondence  Classes  do  not  profess 
to  do  all  the  work  of  preparing  them  for  the  examinations.  Classes  are  meant  to  stimulate  and  assist  those  who  are 

at  the  eWnation^84 ’ ^ d°Se  ^ perseverin§  private  study  on  the  lines  of  the  Syllabus  is  indispensable  for  success 

R.  &C.  1000  12/8/19 


p R A C H C A L BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
CORRESPONDENCE  COURSE  FOR  THE  LIBRARY  ASSOCIATION,  1919,— 
CONDUCTOR:  James  Hutt , A.  A.  , Borough  Librarian,  Portsmouth 


INTRODUCTORY:--  This  course  is  intended  for  the  benefit  of 

students  who  desire  to  take  the  Library  Association’s  certificate 
in  Section  II.,  and  is  concerned  only  with  practical  bibliography; 
it  does  not  touch  on  book  selection. 

In  this  section,  as  in  others  (e.g.,  classification  and. 
cataloguing),  a student's  progress  will  depend  as  much  on  his 
reading  of°the  works  set  out  in  the  syllabus,  and  on  his  practical 
handling  of  books,  as  on  working  through  what  may  be  set  in  this 
correspondence  course.  As  many  as  possible  of  the  works  in 
Practical  Bibliography  mentioned  in  the  Syllabus  and  in  Brown’s 
"Guide  to  librarianship"  should  be  read  through  carefully,  and 
reference  made  to  the  articles  indexed  in  Cannon  3 ’Bibliography. 
The  details  of  each  lesson  sent  out  will  contain  references  to  ^ 
passages  to  be  read  specially  in  connection  with  that  lesson.  Each 
student  Is,  therefore,  advised  to  work  as  follows:-- 


1.- 

read 

right  through  the  lessons 

when  received; 

4 

2.- 

read 

the  passages  indicated; 

* 

3 . - 

attempt  where  possible  to  find 
various  points  in  books; 

actual  examples  of 

4.- 

look 

iip  likely  reference  books 

given  in  the  L-  a. 

Syllabus  for  passages  bearing  on  the  section  dealt 
with ; 


5.-  answer  the  questions. 


In  answering  questions  students  should  always  remember  to 
(a)  be  sure  that  they  understand  the  question;  (b)  be  as  ooncise 
as  possible;  (c)  give  illustrations,  and  any  information  known 
to  them  which  may  add  precision  to  their  answers  (e.g.,  in  giving 
a "definition. " the  derivation  of  the  word  set  should  be  added,  if 
known)  . 


The  student  should  obtain  Brown’s  'llanual  of  practical  biblio- 
graphy." which  will  form  the  basis  of  this  course,  and  will  be 
referred  to  as  "Brown,"  and  also  Aldis'  "The  Printed  book,"  (Carnb. 
Univ  Press)  1916. 

As  composition,  style,  etc.  are  taken  into  consideration  by 
the  examiners,  a subject  for  a short  essay  (if  to  2 f ’ cap.  pages) 
will  be  set,  as  well  as  one  or  more  questions,  at  the  ena  of  each 
lesion.  These  should  be  answered  on  f'cap.  paper,  writing  on  one  side 
only,  leaving  a left-hand  margin  of  two  inches  for  remarks,  and 
should  be  sent  in  by  the  date  set  at  the  foot  of  the  paper,  addressed 
to  James  Hutt , A. A.,  Central  Public  Library,  Portsmouth.  If  sent  in  ■ 
a wrapper,  or  unsealed  envelope,  endorsed  "Examination  papers  only," 
papers  may  be  forwarded  at  "Printed  paper"  rates.  Ho  communication 
in  the  nature  of  a letter  may  be  enclosed. 


7 


' 


■ 


- 


' 


I! 


v» 


p R A c P I C A L 


3 IBiil  0 Cr  H A ? H Y,  LESSOU  I. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY:  what  it  is;  practical  as  opposed  to  historical. 

Perms  used  in  Bibliography. 

REAP  carefully: - 

Brown  pp.  157-162,  Glossary  (and  definition:).  Phese  should 
be  thoroughly  understood;  they  need  not  all  be^  committed 
to  memory.  (Bee  also  glossary  in  Roger'-?  Manual  ox 
bibliography,  IT  pp.  160-166,  where  derivations  are  given.) 

Brown,  oh.  I- 

Buff.  "Early  printed  boons,"  pp.  201-205. 

Horne.  "Introduction,  11  p.  27. 

Thomas.  Article  "Bibliography" in  Encyclopaedia  Britanniea, 

9th  ed. 

Pollard.  do.  do  11th  ed. 


Q U E S P I 0 H 3 ■ 

1. -  Define  the  following:  Bibliography,  Bloco-books,  Colophon, 

Incunabula . 

2, -  How  does  practical  bibliography  bear  on  the  work  of  the 

librarian? 

ESSAY:-  Describe  the  difference  between  "Bibliography"  as 
understood  by  Duff  and  Brown. 


Papers  to  be  returned  by  Saturday,  October  25th,  19iy. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/practicalbibliogOOhutt 


PRACTICAL 


BIBLIOGRAPHY, 


LESSOE  II. 


Having  seen  by  our  reading  as  set  in  lesson  I.  the  difference  between 
Historical  ana  Practical  Bibliography,  we  now  see  further  that 
the  latter  consists  of 

1.  Collation  and  description  ox  books 

2.  Essentials  of  good  book-pro duct ion 

3.  Compilation  of  bibliographies 

Each  of  these  subjects  will  be  dealt  with  in  detail. 

1.  may  be  divided  into  aub~d±vidlons  thus*. - 

j(a)  collation:  the  make-up  of  books,  ©Id  and  new. 

(b)  the  difference  between  new  issues,  reprints  and 
new  editions. 

(c)  bibliographical  description, 

(a)  'That  is  collation?  How  is/^  it  carried-  out  with  bo-oks  of  various, 
dates?  What  does  one  first/  l&ok  for  in  collating  broker? 

To  collate  a book  is  to  examine  it  right  through  to  sea  that  it 
is  parfeot.  Here  it  is  necessary  to  be  familiar  with  the  defin- 
itions of  words  used  in  describing  the  make-up  of  books. 

The  points  about  books  which  may  help  in  determining  their 
• perfection  consist  of  the  following: - 
Humber  of  loaves;  are  they  all  perfect?  Are  .some  of  the  sections 
made  up  or  original?  Is  the  book  foliated  or  paged?  If  neither 
ox  the  latter,  then  try  use  ex  catchwords  or  signatures.  Does  the 
bock1 s state  thus  ascertained  agree  with  some  standard  collation, 
e.g.,  with  Main  or  Hadan? 

In  later  books  which  have  foliation, or  pagination,  he.,  there  is 
less  need  to  examine  with  the  detail  set  out  by  Pollard,  as  the 
printer  has  given  (in  all  probability)  the  necessary  indications 
to  determine  the  completeness  of  the  book. 

notice  the  evolution  of  our  m-odern  system  of  pagination  and 
signatures . 

REAL  carefully 

Pollard,  article  Bibliography,  sect.  I.  (Ensy.  Brit.)  Examination  ' 
and  collation. 

Brown,,  Gimp.  IV. 

Attempt  to  obtain  an  early  printed  book  or  books  for  examination 
and  collation. 

RUE  Si  IOiiS  • 1.  That  d$  you  mean  oy  watermarks,  catchwords,  verso? 

2.  If  you  have  a 15th  century  book  without  foliation  or  pagin-N 
ation  given  to  you  to  collate,  what  features  would  you  look 
xor  in  sequence? 

ESSAY.  The  evolution  ox  the  modern  method  of  paging  the  printed  book. 
Papers  to  be  returned  by  Saturday,  Eovenber  9th. 


1 


( 


13 


13 


:.J  X 0 -r  ii  A 


II  Y 


S:  Li  ruled  up  with  collation  is  the  JmrjgLedge  of^  the 

'books.  All  sizes  are  obtained  from  folding  a full 
In  old  books,  the  folio  is  one  in  which  the  full  sheet 
Of  naber  is  once  folded;  several  such  rollings  were  placed 


; ’Of  300 
sizes  o' 
sheet . 


within  one- another  to  make  a 'gathering'  or  section 


maza 

jets 


six  leaves, 
to  make  four 


e.g.  three  sheets  together,  to 
usual)  in  a section,  -or  two  sh 
on.  See  figs  ..  1 and  ' 2<. 

Smaller  sizes  wore  obtained  by  various 
sheet:  4to.  by  folding  the  folio  into  four 

an  8vo . by  folding  the  4to.  into  S loaves  (see 

The  student  is  advised’  to  obtain  a large 
and.  if  it  does  not  bear  wart  go  /ark  and  ’chain’ 
to  mark  them  on  the  sheet'  in  pencil,  and  thou 
described  above,  also  in  other, ways,  to  obtain 
known  size3. 

fables  giving  the  ordinary  foldings  ( from 


l as 
leaves 


:or  binding, 
is  most 

and  s o 


oldings 


the  position  o: 


watermark  and  direction  of 


h( 


O 

with  indications  o 

chain- lines,  will  be  found  at  the  end  o 
rulos.  Brown  exaggerates  on  p.  40;  the  Bo 
attempted  to  make  use  of  ’,r paper- mi  11  names" 
sizes . 

fhe  best  system  is  that  brought  forwar 
(Collected  papers,  p.  406-400)  and  supported  by  Brown, 
as  it  applies  equally  to  old  and  modern  books. 


of  the  ful 
aves  (see  fig, 3); 
.fig . 4)  . 
sheet  of  paper, 
or  wire  line 3, 
to  fold  as 
the  various  well 

folio  to  32no) , 


r Bodleian  cataloguing 
-lei an  at  no  .time 
for  describing  book- 


’d by  Ily.  3] 


adshaw 
P*  41. 


A modern  book  generally  consists  of  three  portions;  (a)  the 
titles  and  introduct ,b r y matter,  (b)  the  text  of  the  book,  and  (a) 
the  index.  . .(a)  is  generally  paged  in  roman  numerals;  (b)  and  (c) 

ge no rallv.  are.  numbered  straight  .through  from  1 onwards  in  arabic 
numerals.  fhus  Bradshaw' s. ."Collected  papers"  consists  of  viii.  pp. 
(of  which  vii . only  bears  the  -pagination)  plus  500  pp. , and  would  be 
do  scribed  as  ... 

Cambridge,  1863.  viii:  A-  5-00  pp . , Qvo.  in. 

The  difficulties  which ’are  met.  in  collating  modern  books 
consist  in  determining  if  any  unpaged  wafts  are  missing,  o.g.  parts 
of  the  prefatory  matter,  or  unnumbered  plates,  for  which  there  is 
no  list  at  the  commencement  of  the  volume . 

A Low  i i sue  is  "a  later  publication  of- the  same  book  uncuangecl; '' 
sometimes  called  a different  eu. , a new  issue,  or  a different  thousand 
( C it  ter  . ) 


A ro nrint  is  the  fresh  impression*  of  an  edition  of  a book 
tveo  which  has  been  kept  standing  from  an  older  edition,  or  from  the 
stereotyped  plate 3 of  such  an  older  edition,  usually  without  alteration 
although  some  minor  corrections  may  have  been  made. 

fhe  term  'reprint  ' is  also  used  to  describe  an  issue  of  an  old 
work,  which  has  been  sot  uo  in  modern  type . 


n iMvy. 9 d it  ion  in  an  untimely  now  irrmressi  on  n-r  -j  • , , . 

Oho  mat  tor  ha,  undor-jono  royiaion  and  thf  haS%uUS  ?e-a^.Wl>  ° ‘ 

book.  Suo  V°F  o£  “ 15th  owtury 

raiaod.  Lntar  on  a full  biblioiraohioal  ont?v  -o^^t^1'10?3  p0^UtS 
and  sent  in  for  revision.)  *'  1 ly  x01  11  rna;/  bo  ^ado 

” i? 0 1 i at i on ^ g t udo nt s °ar  e rofLror^??8^^1^  &S  t<?  tho  WOr’cl 

woyd  "foliation  (6! 

R_;i  A D ;- 

13 r own,  pp.  3d -41 

:’°“noto  Britalinl°a'  11  ed'»- 

Coo^'r^n  paoora, pp.  400-9 

o^ohtaafK4^'  ^ 34  fboote  111  3^S>  - 46  (front 
Davenport . Yho  Jock,  chap.  3. 


U I!  S ? IQIIS 

1«-  3':  plain:  duodooimo,  reprint,  volume, 


3* 


kivo  a short  bibliographical  imprint  for  3ro\m's  ,?  Unnu>i 

practical  bibliography.*’  -Ianual  ox 

■ 3ao.  method  of  using  watermarks  and  wire  linos  in 
Suggestions  o^dradshaw?003"’  **  C0fl^9d  With  <** 


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3I3LIGGR  A 
LG 3 SOU  II.,  --  OUPPLEilENlARY 


FURTHER  ROTE  ON  FOLIATION  AND  PAGINATION; - - Brown,  in  his 
anxiety.  to  give  precedence  to  tho  practical  side  of  bibliography 


the  need 


i or 

U . 


accuracy,  and  loosely  applies  "patina 


loses'  'sight  of 

tion1'  where  he  should  say  "foliation,  " or,  as  Pollard  calls  it, 

"leaf  numeration."  The  first  example  of  using  numbers, to  mart  the 
order  ox  leaves  in  a booh  is  that  quoted  by  several  authors 
ad  populum, " printed  ’ 

book  Panzer  says  "...  cum  numeric  foliorum  arabicis  in  medio  marginis 
exteriorib  . * oliiini  iiltirniiin  niiiriGX'uin  habet  11,  cfu.j&  primur/i  non 

nuraerAuUm  esu;  and  j_rom  tills  statement  there  can  be  no  doubt 


"Sermo 


in  14-70.  Of  this 


is  xoxiated. 


whatever  that  the  book 
Bibliographical  Dictionary"  says 


Ebert,  in  his  "Goner a! 


Si-' 

jy 


natures  and  catch-words  but 


or 


i-  V 


w: 


he 


:irst  time  appeared  herein,  and  th 


"12  leaves  with  27  lines,  without 
th  numbering  of  tiie  leaves,  which 


fcion  is  consequently  of  historical  interest. 


placed  in  the  middle 


t lie  out  e r mar  gd  n . 


and  unfortunately  several  fall  into 
Pollard  tersely  suras  the  subject  up, 
Description,  ( Encyclopaedia  Britannica, 


the 

in 


foil 


lame 


art . 


typographical  pro due 
To* y numbering  is 
Other  authors 
error  as  3 r o w n 
(b)  to  Lection 
Bibliography) . 


ow. 


LEG SON  IV, 

jjIBLIOGRABillCAjj  DESCRIPTION:  The  need  for  (l)  a standard  descript ion 

?5  ev0 ty  book;  i 2 ) uniformity  of  method  in  such  standard.  The" 
items  that  should  be  contained  in  a standard  de3orintioii. 


Read  carefully 


QUESTIONS: 


Brown 

T) 


on.  i). 

i'ollard,  . ( art . Bibliography . as  before 
Section  2,  Description  and  3, 
Enumeration  and  arrangement. 


1.- 


W; 


hy  is  it 


necessary  to  adopt  some  standard  form  for 
didi iographic.nl  description? 
oint  out  why  and  when  you  would  deviate  from  the  form 
adopted  as  a standard. 


Essay:  A comparison  of  the  three  methods  of  Bibliographical 


Description  as  seen  b 


>rown. 


(To  be  returned  by  Saturday,  D 


cc ember  6th 


.319 


---  if  o 


3 . 


^undon  | xioutleuge)  and.IJow  'fork  (Dutton)  1906  ••  ' 

; b;‘  la->-  f»«  Polish  library)/11"  17S»»' 

without' ta°aa^f  3 blbilo^apher  allowed  his  book  to  bo  published 


t>  llG  Qbo'V'Q  vinf-p  4.  .j 

' a3  bGOn  to  find  the 


of  publication  from  more  th'  “uo  00Gn  P°s 

is  jjiven  in  square  brackets  Sno  9xtruneoua  source  tue-e-mr  M 
0 Pa^ee.  of  which  the  lf®t  is  ?r9futoi7  “utter  oons^ts  / Xt 

n//e  £ S**  BlS0  t£“laS  r3la^nd  |?8.book  itsol/o-?  & 

Printed  number,  and  "* 


I 


PRACTICAL  BIBLIOGRAPHY  , 
LESS  0 II  V - 


SSSEIJTIALS  CY  GOOD  BOOH  PRODUCT  I Oil: -- 

This  sootion  again  is  divisible  into  sub-sections,  and  may  be 
dealt  with  as  follows: -- 

( a ) Paver ; ( b ) Type ; ( c ) Ink ; ( d)  Presswork ; ( e ) Illus- 

trations; (f)  Binding. 

In  this  lesson  we  deal  with  the  sub-sections  (a)  and  (b). 

.Read,  if  possible,  the  following  chapters  in  '’The  Building 
of  a book,1'  ed.  by  P.  H.  Hitchcock  (Laurie,  £ 1907J  ):-  Paper- 
making,  The  Yaking  of  type,  Hand  composition  and  Electrotyping, 
Composition  by  the  Linotype  machine.  Composition  by  the  Llonotypa 
machine.  Also  Bewdigate.  "British  types  for  printing  books” 

(in  the  '’’Studio"  special  number,  Spring,  1914)  with  facsimilies; 
and  Lavonvort . "The  Book,"  ch.  3. 

Alternatively  read  articles  on  the  same  subjects  in  the  later 
editions  of  the  "Encyclopaedia  Britannica." 

Tor  a summary  of  the  best  forms,  as  recommended  for  general 
adoption,  one  cannot  do  better  than  direct  students  to  the  "Interim 
Report  of  the  Library  Association  Book  Production  Committee,  1913" 
and  advise  them  to  master  it  thoroughly. 


Guest  ions : - 

1. -  ’That  is  the  meaning  of  the  following  words,  as  applied 

to  paper:-  "antique, " "art,”  "laid"?  What  significance  have 
they  from  the  practical  bibliographer’ s point  of  view? 

2. -  What  is  the  meaning  of  "old  style,"  "point,"  "spacing," 
"leading"? 

3. -  .Mention  any  defects  in  type-composing  machines  known 
to  you. 

Essay: - The  paper  and  type  best  adapted  for  use  in  producing 
a book  of  reference. 


To  be  returned  by  Saturday, 


January 


•1 


V 


i 


\ 


/ 


I 


4 


3 


PRACTICAL  BIBLIOGRAPHY, 
L B S 3 0 II  VI. 


E' S SEITT IALS  O?  GOOD  30  OK  PROPUCTIOII:  - sub-sections  (c) and 

(c)  1112.  Students  should  know  the  ingredients  and  qualities  Oi. 

o-'ood  printer's  ink.  . , . ,Tri 

Read,  if  possible,  the  chapter  on  printing  im  g 


01 


a' hook,”  ed.  by  Hitchcock.  ''Qualities  oi  printing  ink. 


par . on  oi  70s  of  article  "Typography”  in  "Encyclopaedia  ^ # 
Britannioa,  ” Oth  ed.,  and  par.  on  page  573  of  article  lax  m 
"Encyclopaedia  Britannioa,”  lltn  ed. 


first  definition  given  in  hurray’s 


”IIow 


(d)  PRES  STORK.  Th_  ~ „ 

E n >7l i sh"  di  c t i o na r y ' r reads:-  "The  work  and  management  o^  a 
printing  press;  the  printing  off  on  paper,  etc  of.  what  has 
been1’ composed’  or  set  up  in  type;  the  result  of  this,  the 
work  turned  out  from  a press,  especially  from  the  point  oi 
view  of  its  quality."  _ 

Students  therefore,  will  see  than  it  is  necessary  j-Oi  them 
to  cover’ all  three  of  these  fields,  knowledge  of  presses;  the 
actual  printing;  and  the  result. 

Road  the  following:-  ^ _ , . 

Article  "Ty oography , ” part  II.,  practical  --  encyclopaedia 

Britannioa,  ’ 9th  ed.,  p.  697.  _ _ 

Article  ” Type- setting  and  type-casting  machines. 

Encyclopaedia  Britannioa,  10th  ed. 

Articles’  "'Typography”  and  "Printing"  --  Encyclopaedia 

Britannioa,  11th  ed.  ^ 

Chanters  "The  Printing  press. ” "Presswork,”  and  "Proof- 
reading" in  the  "Building  of  a hook,"  as  before. 

Aldis . The  Printed  book,  eh.  VI.  and  VII. 

L.  A.  Book  Production  Committee.  Interim  report,  1913 
The  Art  of  the  book  ( "Studio”  special  no.) 

These  sub  jects  are  covered  in  any  good  technical  book  on  pi  inking, 
E.Cr  Jacobi’s  ’’Printing." 


Questions : - 1.-  That  is  meant  by  iorm©,  imposing,  platen, 

' monks?  cylinder  press,  rotary  press. 


2.-  That  are  the  various  processes  through  which  a 
sheet  of  paper  goes  on  being  printed  in  a press? 


Essay: 


How  would  you  proceed  to  describe  the  presswork  of  a 
re  c e nt  1 y pub  1 i sh e d b o ok  ? 


Papers  to  be  returned  by  oaturlay,  17th  January,  1920 


W1 


V, 


k 


' 4* 


\> 


\ 


4 


PRACTICAL 


3 I B L!  I 0 Gr  R A P H Y , 
LESSOR  VII. 


ESSENTIALS  OP  GOOD  BOOK  PRODUCTION,  sub~se  at  ion  («)  Illustration 

(a)  Engraving  in  Intaglio. 

1.  Line-engravings  I 

2.  Etching  ) , 

3.  Dry-point  ) (materials,  tool3  and  methods). 

4 . ilt)  Z zotint  ) 

5.  Photogravure  ) 

Read  • are fully:- 

Tho  Building  of  a hook,  ed.  by  Hitchcock,  pp.  154  - 215. 

L.A.  Book  Production  Committee;  Interim  Report,  pp.  22  - 24. 
Enay.  Brit.,  11th  ®d,,  articles  "Illustration”,  and  the  articles 
under  the  names  of  the  processes  given  above. 

Aldis,  oh,  8:  Davenport,  ch,  5» 

For  the  machining  part  of  the  subject,  read  Jacobi:  "Printing”, 
6th  ed.,  1919,  pp  236  - 253. 


Question  1. 

> i 2 . 

Essay 


What  is  the  difference  between  a process  block  and  an 
intaglio  engraving? 

Describe  the  method  of  printing  an  etching. 

A short  description  of  the  photogravure  method. 


To«  U > [/«/  S *-$>  if  ytk  , 


i. 


? 3 


I C A 


Jjj  _L_i  O 


3I3LI0G3 


0 ii 


VIII 


L iZ*  • .1  ‘i  i;  u 

rr 


L.  A.  EfAUIIJATIOD 
essay  for  1020  is  to  be: - 
of  reconstruction  in  connection  with  th 
It  is  to  be 
to  have  oo moiled 


just  received  information  that  the 
beet  ion  2,  Bibliography  --  ,Trfhe  problems 


set 


presumed,  that  in  sotting  this  the  e:- 


the  Great  T7ar 


xaminesrs  desire 


during  the  last  two  or  thr* 


bibliography  oi  boots  which  have  been  published 


years  on  these  problems 


tion.  Unless  the  student  is  employed  in  a larye.  libra 


thus  able  to  obtain  access  to 
boots  bearing  on  the  subject, 
compile  the  thesis. 

Under  the  circumstances,  students  are  recommended 


a good  selection  ol 
it  will  bo  a rather 


oi  re const rue- 
i’ary,  and  is 


r ecent 1 y pub 1 i she d 
difficult  task  to 


oi 


>T  T> 


t 0 


r ogress , 


.no 


iii  o u r h-X* 


Q-  , 


j elOiOi  art , !! 


"the 


-'■-U  CL  _L  _ 

ionaoum, 


and  other  publications  giving  bibliographical  information,  to  search 
careful  I./  through  tnom,  mating  a slip  catalogue  (with  annotations) 
oi  the  items  on  tho  !T problems”  they  discover,  then  to  visit  a library 


likely  to  have  acquired 


a 


:air 


work  through  tho  books  themselves 
in  v/nat  ever  c las  si  float  ion  commends 
essay  typed. 


proportion  of  tho  books,  and  there  to' 


Bio  slips  can  then  b 
itself  to  the  student,  and  the 


range  d 


ITQni? 


01  LBSbOirvII  --  fhe  papers  sent  in  on  this  lesson  show  evi- 
dence oi  very  careful  reading,  but  in  some  instances  a tendency  to 
guoto  at  too  groat  a length,  or  to  "copy”  with  slight  paraphrasing 
is  evident.  . f his . t endency  should  bo  avoided  by  attempting  to  follow 
the  advice  given  in  points  1 to  5 in  the  introductory  Besson,  point 
o.  ...nsrei  the  question  Doing  complied  with  after  the  reading  is 
finished,  " ° 


3 S 0 


VIII. 


essentials  oi  good  doop  production,  sub-section  (c)  Illustration: -- 
1 0 ' Brocoss  work  ( including  phot o- lithography) , collotype,  3vel led- 
ge latino  process,  half-tone  process,  offset  printing  ’ threw'* - 
colour  process . 

B.jaa  care  iully  the  ooows  sot  for  last  lesson,  and  tho  articles  under 
q . headings  in  the  Bncyclopaodia  Britannica,  11th  ed. 

vjtuuont s are  also  advised  to  visit  a printing  establishment  where 


•*  n *— r v/i  * ' - 

^ hi  Cl 

v vr  O X*  7L  . 


«oo  .or 


\J  O J 


blooms  being  used,  o specially  three-colour 


Bug  st  ion  1.-  "Taut  processes  would  you  use  for  illustrating  re  spec - 
/.tY~'  ■'  "0lr‘°  on  ( 1 ) .parts  Ox  machinery,  (n)  flowering  plants 

\ rJ  ) T.OV1  CVtt  • I , "U  ..  **Tl_  S>  l * 


inoral  b i o graphy?  ,,rh 


-t9 


, ? * . Ja::1-5  30!fJ  0x  ^ 11,3  diixioultios,  or  limitations,  met  with 
m the  three -colour  process. 

• - It  only  rem  ins  to  note  hov.  photography  has  ousted  drawing 
,rom  muc a oi  tn-  field  it  formerly  ocouoiid>  Discuss  this 
xrom  tno  reading  you  have  done  for  this  and  the  former  lesson. 


p. 


vrs  to  be  in  by  fobruary  fl* 


^ u - 


c 


t 


l . 
- * 


l 


1 


- 


I. 


I 


PRACTICAL  3 I 33  L I 0 Q R A P H Y 
L A b S 0 li  I X * 


EHbIli  methods^  00C®  B00K  BH0DlJC!I0M  (i)  Modern  binding  materials  and 
Read  care Yu  11  y : — 

1.-  Cockerell.  Bookbinding  and  the  care  of  books.  1901 
~ Rulme , and  others.  Leather  for  libraries.  1905 


3 . - C out  t s b at e one n 


iJanual  of  library  bookbinding,  1911,  oh.  1-4 


In  the  above  will  be  found  more  than  will  be  required  for  the 

^°f?i0ITtnf  .S0C^°n  of  the  syllabus;  but,  tnough  Cockerell  is 

for  k nkh  1 A lb?  AY  all  students  should  read  him  right  through 
■*■  . oil  a.o  ft  j11  as  ior  spocilic  information. 

Q U 3 S T I o I 'J  b ; _ 


1.-  Lame  four  of  the  materials  most  commonly  used  for  the 
covering  of  books,  and  give  an  indication  of  the 
tyoe  of  book  for  which  they  are  specially  fitted. 

2-  What  are  the  essential  qualities  in  cord  for  sewing  boards 
ior  bindings,  cloths  for  coverings? 


v 


3 3 A Y . UoBTOare  band  binding  with  that  done  by  machine 
reas?ns  "or  using  the  former  because  of 
advantages  it  possesses,  or  because  of  disadvantages 
inhererl  m the  latter.  ° 


1J  r: 


Papers  to  be  in  by  Aar  oh  1,5th. 


1 


v 


( 


I 


» 


t 


C 


V" 


I 

1 i 


» 


* 


« 


» 


BRACT 


I C A 


BJBLIOGRA 


II 


V 


II 


OR  A 


* COMPILATION  OR  BIBLIOGRAPHIES  --  Principles  of  arrangement  in  anther, 
subject  and  classified  bibliographies . Practical  methods  of 
compilation, 

’> 

Read:  Brown,  ohap.  5,  p,  64  --  "There  are  various  methods" 

to  end  of  chapter,  and  chapters  6,  7. 

Pollard.  article  "Bibliography"  in  "Encyclopaedia 
Britannioa,"  11th  ed.,  par.  "Enumeration  and 
arrari  renont . " 


This  is  an  important  part  of  our  subject,  as  the  examiners  will 
be  very  likely  to  ask  questions  bearing  on  it,  and  also  as  candidates 
will  have  to  make  practical  application  of  it  in  their  own  essay. 


Students  are  advised  to  familiarise  themselves  with  arrangements 
adopted  in  well-known  bibliographies , and  to  that  ond  to  consult  as 
many  as  possible  of  the  bibliographies  mentioned  in  Brown,  pp.120 


(II.  Gntri  bibliographies)  to  135 

A portion  of  the  reading  has  already  been 
with  standard  description. 


covered  in 


dealing 


Questions: 

1,-  What  form  of  arrangement  would  you  adopt  in  making  a bibliograohy 
of  your  own  town?  Give  reasons. 

* 2.-  Can  .you  give  any  examples  of  the  failure  of  Brown's  arguments 
against  using  first  wo rds  of  titles  in  arranging  entries  in  a ^ 

.bibliographical  work. 

* 

Essay 

Comnaro  Brown's  "rules  for  order  in  author  headings"  (p  78) 
with  the  order  adopted  by  Cutter  (4th  ed.,  , p^  326) 


Papers  to  bo  in  by  April  3rd. 

In  the  next  lesson  Mr  Hut t proposes  to  deal  shortly  with  Book- 
Selection  (which  cannot  bo  taught  by  correspondence),  and  the  final 
paper  will  be  a test  examination  paper  to  be  worked  without  aids,  and 
in  a set  time. 


< 


t: 


rNv* 


<■ 

i 


« 


P R A C T I 0 

A 

Jj 

3-  I 1 

3 L 

I t 

) 0 R A P I 

1 Y 

L 

Sjj 

C<  O 

o o 

0 N 

A 

I . 

BOOK  SELECTION:-  As  before  statod,  fir  Kutt  realises  that  this 

section  cannot  be  taught  by  correspondence . It  is  a sub .1  eat 
which  can  only  be  mastered  by  practical  experience;  (1)  of 
the  various  aids  to  book  selection,  and  (2)  by  the  actual  work 
of  choosing  books  for  addition  to  a library,  and  of  the  discovery 
and  selection  of  books  bearing  on  any  given  subject. 

A few  remarks  may.  however,  be  offered  fa)  directing 
students  to  the  lists  of  books  of  reference,  (b)  as  to  the 
works  which  may  be  consulted  for  (l),  and  (c)  as  to  the  theory 
and  its  application  in  (2). 

(a)  and  (b),  Read  carefully: - 


Brown.  Practical  bibliography , chap.  7,  especially  III.  National 
bibliography;  and  VII.,  guides  to  book  selection. 

Brown.  Annual  of  library  economy,  -3rd  ed.,  sect.  587 

Savage. > Manual  of  descriptive  annotation  for  library  catalogues 
pp.  77  to  84. 

Stewart  A Clarke.  Guides  to  book  selection  ("Library  world  v 11 
pp.  409-417,  445-450). 


( c ) 


Special  attention  should  be  paid  to  works  of  reference  which 
provide  bibliographies  of  the  subjects  with  which  they  deal. 
Notice  also  the  various  publications  of  learned  societies,  and 
periodical . publications , which  are  of  great  assistance  in' 
selection  in  the  various  branches  of  literature. 


Theory;  choice;  principles;  selection  of 
governed  by  the  existing  stock,  the  income, 
etc.,  of  a library. 

Read  carefully;-  Brown..  Manual  (as  above) 
(selection  for  children)  sections  488-90 


periodicals,  are  all 
the  class  of  reader, 

, chap.  13  and 


uestions;-  1.-  ,That  policy  would  you  pursue  in  revising  the  stock  of 
a library  in  an  industrial  town,  with  an  income  of  M5,000. 

2.-  Yhat  periodicals  would  you  consult  for  assistance  in  making 
ap  lists,  oi  books  dealing  with;-  Mendelism,  Einstein's  theo— ° 
the  atomic  theory,  nationalisation  of  the  coal  supply. 

-jssay;--  The  principles  of  selection  of  books  for  a juvenile  library. 


7 Papers  to  be  in  by  April  1 fh, 
will  be  sent  out . 


on  which  day  the  test  examination  paper 


A 


X 


f 
1 V 

t 


' I 


? HACTICAL 


I B 


0 G H 


.)  u v 


L 


0 


BOOK  SELECT I OB : - 


As  before  stated. 


lr 


;t  realises  that  this 


It  is  a subject 
; 1)  'of 


'section  cannot  be  taught  by  correspondence, 
which  can  only  be  mastered  by  practical  experience: 
the  variaus  aids  to  booh  selection,  and  ( h ) by  the  actual  work 
of  choosing  books  for  addition  to  a library,  and  of  the  discover; 
and  selection  of  books  bearing  on  any  given  subject. 

A few  remarks  may,  however,  be  offered  fa)  directing 
students  to  the  lists  of  books  of  reference,  fb)  as  to  the 


works  which  ma;/  bo  consulted  for  (l), 
and  its  application  in  (2). 


and  (c)  as  to  the  theory 


(a)  and  (b),  Read  carefully: 


Brown.  Practical  bibliography,  chap.  7,  especially  III.  Rational 
bibliography ; and  All.,  guides  to  book  selection. 

Brown.  .Tanual  of  library  economy,  .--3rd  ed.,  sect.  587 

Savage.  Llanual  of  descriptive  annotation  for  library  catalogues, 
pp . 77  t o 84 . 

Stewart  A Clarke.  Guides  to  book  selection  (Library  world,  v.  11, 
409-417,  445-450). 


Special  attention  should  be  paid  to  works  of  reference  which 
provide  bibliographies  of  the  subjects  with  which  they  deal. 
IJotice  also  the  various  publications  of  learned  societies,  and 
periodical  publications,  which  are  of  groat  assistance  in 
selection  in  the  various  branches  of  literature. 

(o)  Theory;  choice;  princinles;  selection  of  periodicals,  arte  all 
governed  by  the  existing  stock,  the  income,  the  class  of  reader, 
etc.,  of  a library. 

Read  carefully:-  Brown.  llanual  (as  above),  chap . 15  and 
(selection  for  children)  sections  488-90 


p uestions:-  1.-  V7hat  policy  would  you  pursue  in  revising  the  stock  of 
a library  in  an  industrial  town,  with  an  income  of  £5,000. 

2.-  That  oeriodioals  would  you  consult  for  assistance  in  making 
up  lists  of  books  dealing  with;-  Mendel ism,  Einstein’ s theory; 
the  atomic*  theory,  nationalisation  of  the  coal  supply. 

Essay:--  The  principles  of  selection  of  books  for  a juvenile  library. 


Papers  to  bo  in  by  April  1 th, 
will  be  sent  out . 


on  which  day  the  test  examination  pane; 


% 


t 


C 0 H R i £ P 0 J 1)  -i 
? B AC  T I CAL 

( & BOOK  ! 


ii  C F. 

C 

LAS 

S I II 

BIB 

L I 

0 G ?. 

A ? H Y 

C B I 0 1J  ) 


Best  Paper,  10th  April,  1920. 


Students  are  requested  to  attempt  these  questions  under  ordinary 
exarainat ion  conditions,  and  to  return  the  answers  to  Hr  Hutt  as  soon 
as  possible.  He  will  then  go  through  them,  and,  as  far  as  possible, 
add  remarks  upon  the  adequacy  of  the  answers. 

L ' f A ) 

1. -  That  do  the  following  mean?  Give  derivations  where  possible- 

Book,  volume,  title,  title-page,  chain-lines,  tub-sized, 
quarto,  half-bound,  phlong,  matrix,  mezzotint,  sewn  two -on, 
rexine , vellum. 

2. -  How  would  you  decide  whether  a 15th  century  book  is  a ’made-up' 
copy,  or  not? 

3.  - How  far  in  your  opinion  is  it  necessary  to  give  natural  history 
details  of  an  early  printed  book  which  comes  within  the  scope  of  a 
part i cular  sub i set- bibli ography? 

4. -  Bake  some  well-known  book,  and  deal  with  it  in  the  standard  form 
you  would  adort  for  a bibliography. 

5. -  describe  some  of  the  forms  of  type  in  popular  use  for  printing 
books  to-day. 


That  do  you  know  of  the 


' h re  - • ol . ur  • 'ocess? 


7.-  Prepare  a brief  specification  for  the  production  of  a library 
catalogue  (pacer,  printing  --  type  of  text,  of  headings,  etc.,  proofs 
and  corrections  --  binding) . 

( B ) 

. - name  ana  descrioe  some  o.i  bne  national  oioliograpnies  known  to  ~rou 

2.-  That  books  would  you  consult  for  the  best  editions  of  Fnylish 
authors  for  the  use  of  students?  J 

^ what  works  would  you  search  for  lists  of  books  on  the  following 
subjects:-  trade  unionism,  eq  uality  of  wages  for  women,  crime  in 
London,  remains  of  the  womans  in  Britain,  Latin  epigraphy,  the  flora 
of  Pal e s , place  names  of  Hngland  and  Tales. 

y • “ A ^ own  w^Bh  a library  income  of  £5,000  has  an  accumulated  fund  fo^ 
ocok  purchase  of  that  same  amount.  How  would  you  allocate  the  first 
expenditure  over  the  various  departments? 

5 • - ^h&t  periodical  publications  would  you  consult  in  drawing  un  lists 
of  books  for  a .juvenile  section? 

C . - that  details  of  procedure  would  you  adopt  in  getting  books 
considered  by  your  Committee  5 

Describe  a local  bibliography  known  to  you,  and  point  out  its 
excellencies  or  deficiencies. 


